India embarked on the planetary exploration program in 2008 with the launch of Chandrayaan-1 orbiter mission to the Moon. The Chandryaan-1 mission also had an independent daughter satellite called Moon Impact Probe (MIP), which was released from the mother spacecraft after Chandrayaan-1 reached 100-km circular polar orbit. The MIP landed in the lunar South Pole at designated location. The next Indian mission was to Mars: the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), launched in November 2013 and arrival on Mars in September 2014. The MOM planned for 6-month lifetime, is still in orbit and working after about 7 years in Martian orbit. The second India mission to Moon is the ongoing Chandrayaan-2 mission; the orbiter is working very well and providing high-quality science data. India will be launching next year the mission to study Sun from the L1 vantage-point called the Aditya-L1, and the Chandrayaan-3 Lander-Rover mission to study Moon. Other planetary and space missions are being planned as well in future. This talk will briefly discuss the Indian planetary missions, related challenges, and highlight the science derived from them.